Originality
Submissions must be original and not simultaneously under review elsewhere. Properly cited preprints, theses and conference versions must be disclosed.
Text overlap
Similarity software may support editorial assessment, but a percentage alone does not determine misconduct. Editors evaluate the nature, location, citation and significance of overlap.
Generative AI
- AI tools cannot be authors.
- Authors must disclose substantive AI use and remain accountable for every claim, citation, image and dataset.
- AI-generated or modified images must be clearly identified and must not misrepresent evidence.
- Confidential, personal or proprietary information must not be entered into public AI systems.
- Reviewers and editors must not upload confidential manuscripts into public AI tools.